Maternal Characteristics of Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Incidence

Badar Muhammad Pajajaran; Herman Sumawan; Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani; Budi Handono

doi:10.24198/obgynia.v7i1.654

Maternal Characteristics of Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Incidence

Badar Muhammad Pajajaran, Herman Sumawan, Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani, Budi Handono

Abstract

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants have the potential for cognitive deficits, motor delays, cerebral palsy, and other behavioral and psychological problems. Household expenses and health care system costs can be reduced by alleviating the burden of LBW. Currently, there are no available data on the maternal characteristics of very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) incidence in Indonesia.
Method: This was a retrospective analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study included all infants born with a birth weight of <1500 grams at Margono Purwokerto Hospital during 2018-2022. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: A total of 65 patients in the ELBW group and 59 patients in the VLBW group were included in this study. Statistical test results showed no significant differences in the characteristics of age, parity, birth weight of the infant, criteria for hypertension during pregnancy, criteria for anemia, comorbidities, hospital treatment, postpartum care, and type of delivery. The variables that differed significantly were anemia (Hb VLBW vs Hb ELBW; 9.06 vs 8.21) and neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: There was no difference between the maternal characteristics of the incidence of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight, except for anemia. Checking hemoglobin levels in patients with ELBW is essential for providing appropriate treatment.

Karakteristik Ibu dengan Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Sangat Rendah dan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Sangat Rendah

Abstrak
Pendahuluan: Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) berpotensi mengalami defisit kognitif, keterlambatan motorik, Cerebral Palsy, serta permasalahan perilaku dan psikologis lainnya. Pengeluaran rumah tangga dan biaya sistem pelayanan kesehatan dapat dikurangi dengan meringankan beban BBLR. Saat ini belum tersedia data mengenai karakteristik ibu dengan kejadian berat badan lahir sangat rendah (BBLR) dan berat badan lahir sangat rendah (BBLSR) di Indonesia.
Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik retrospektif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir <1500 gram di RS Margono Purwokerto selama tahun 2018-2022. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan dengan tingkat signifikansi p≤0,05.
Hasil:Sebanyak 65 pasien pada kelompok BBLR dan 59 pasien pada kelompok BBLSR dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada karakteristik umur, paritas, berat badan lahir bayi, kriteria hipertensi saat hamil, kriteria anemia, penyakit penyerta, perawatan di rumah sakit, perawatan nifas, dan jenis persalinan. Variabel yang berbeda secara signifikan adalah anemia (Hb BBLSR vs Hb BBLR; 9,06 vs 8,21) dan luaran neonatal.
Kesimpulan:Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik ibu terhadap kejadian berat badan lahir sangat rendah dan berat badan lahir sangat rendah, kecuali anemia. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin pada pasien BBLR sangat penting untuk memberikan pengobatan yang tepat.

Kata kunci: bayi berat lahir sangat rendah, BBLSR, bayi berat lahir sangat rendah, BBLR

Keywords

Low Birth Weight

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/obgynia.v7i1.654