Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
type: channel
description: OBGYNIA (Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science) is a journal in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and is officially issued by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. OBGYNIA published research articles about the new scientific, clinical management of the patient, surgical techniques, new treatments and service evaluation, management and treatment services in obstetrics and gynecology covers areas: Fertility and Reproductive Endocrine Maternalfetal Medicine Oncology Reconstruction Urogynecology Obstetrics and Social Gynecology This journal is expected to be a reliable source of information, quality and complete knowledge about medicine and health. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science (Obgynia) is accredited (2022-2026) by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia with Third Grade (Peringkat 3, Sinta 3), Nomor 79/E/KPT/2023.
publisher: Dep/SMF Obstetri & Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
language: en-US
publication name: Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
issn: 2615-496X
items: Rising Adolescents Pregnancy Cases: An Additional Problem in Efforts to Reduce Maternal Mortality Rates
items: Reframing Female Genital Cosmetic and Aesthetic Surgery: Ethics, Function, and Sexual Health Beyond Appearance
items: Urinary Complications after Radical Hysterectomy in Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
items: Non-Severe Preeclampsia and Subclinical Inflammation: A Study of Cyclophilin A, NF-κB, PARP- 1, and Apoptosis in Human Placentas
items: A Comparative Analysis of Internal Radiation vs Box System in Treatment Efficacy and Patient Survival of Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer
items: Reevaluating Predictors of Extremely Low Birth Weight: The Dominance of Hemoglobin over Maternal Age and the Discovery of 9.25 g/dL as a New Risk Threshold
items: Association between Serum Cotinine Levels, Fetal Biometry, and Umbilical Artery Flow in Pregnant Women Exposed to Secondhand Smoke
items: Hypomethylation of the Promoter Region of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene and It’s Low Expression in Placenta as a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
items: Comparing Optimal Debulking Surgery Outcomes between Anemic and Non-Anemic Ovarian Cancer Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2022 – 2023
items: The Relationship Between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Primigravida at Cibabat Regional Hospital
items: Survival Outcomes at Three Years After Primary vs Interval Debulking in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Study from Hasan Sadikin Hospital (2021)
items: Correlation of Cesarean Section and Curettage History with Placenta Previa at Limboto Regional Hospital
items: Correlation of Histological Type, Stage, Age, and Prognosis in Uterine Cervical Cancer at Margono Soekardjo Hospital Purwokerto from January – December 2024
items: Relationship between Antenatal Care in Severe Preeclampsia and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
items: Characteristics of Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) at Hasan Sadikin Hospital from 2019-2023
items: Comparison of Endometriosis Characteristics in Adolescents and Women of Advanced Reproductive Age
items: Analysis of Outpatient and Postpartum Family Planning Services in Makassar Teaching Hospitals for Two Years
items: Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
items: The Role of Neuron Growth Factor and Interleukin-10 in The Development of Pain in Adenomyosis: A Narrative Review
items: Risk of Urinary Tracy Infection Among Pregnant Women with Anemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
items: Cadmium Exposure and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review of Environmental Risk in Pregnancy
items: Pregnancy With Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction - A Case Report
items: The Critical Role of CT Imaging in Detecting Acute Neurological Complications of Eclampsia: A Case Series
items: Diagnosis and Management of Complex Genital Warts: Case Report
items: Case Report: Family’s Role in Mentoring Adolescent Pregnancy

Rising Adolescents Pregnancy Cases: An Additional Problem in Efforts to Reduce Maternal Mortality Rates
type: item
description: In the past three months, our institution have cared for 17 cases of pregnancies involving mothers under 20 years old. The youngest case involved a 14-year-old adolescent. These adolescent pregnancies are accompanied by various pregnancy pathologies, such as preterm birth, cephalopelvic disproportion, preeclampsia and eclampsia, mental disorders, and the potential for death for both the mother and the baby. In past decades, the majority of adolescent pregnancies were due to early marriage, while currently, unmarried pregnancies are on the rise. This is noteworthy, as it may be not only in Bandung and its surrounding areas but also throughout Indonesia and even globally. The increase in adolescent pregnancies results in the potential for maternal deaths, which are expected to increase in the future if this is not prevented and controlled properly.
creator: Adhi Pribadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 428
ending page: 429
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.998

Reframing Female Genital Cosmetic and Aesthetic Surgery: Ethics, Function, and Sexual Health Beyond Appearance
type: item
description: In recent years, the convergence of aesthetic medicine and urogynecology has reshaped the dialogue on women’s health. Procedures once confined to reconstructive domains—repairing pelvic floor disorders, perineal trauma, or postpartum laxity—now coexist with aesthetic motivations emphasizing appearance and self-confidence. This editorial reflects on how female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) and female genital aesthetic surgery (FGAS) overlap yet differ ethically, functionally, and philosophically. Defining FGCS and FGAS According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), FGCS comprises elective surgical procedures that modify the appearance of genitalia without clear medical indication. These interventions originate in the cosmetic surgery paradigm, focusing on visual symmetry and patient satisfaction. In contrast, FGAS has evolved within gynecology and minimally invasive aesthetic medicine, aiming not only at external appearance but also at comfort, tissue quality, and functional harmony. The distinction matters: while FGCS is largely appearance-driven, FGAS aspires toward holistic well-being and sexual confidence. Recognizing these nuances helps physicians maintain ethical boundaries and ensure that patient motivation is grounded in informed understanding rather than social pressure.
creator: Mochamad Rizkar Arev Sukarsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 430
ending page: 432
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.1033

Urinary Complications after Radical Hysterectomy in Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
type: item
description: Objective: Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy are standard treatments for cervical cancer. A common long-term complication is lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), which can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to urinary stasis. Incontinence may also increase UTI risk by allowing bacteria to enter through the urethra. This study aims to determine the incidence of LUTD and UTI in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy and to analyze their relationship. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with stage IA2–IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy at Margono Soekarjo General Hospital. Urinary catheters were placed postoperatively, and bladder training was initiated on postoperative day three. Urine samples were collected on day fourteen or upon the return of bladder sensation to assess for urinary tract infection (UTI). The relationship between lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and UTI was analyzed using. Result: LUTD incidence was 13.8%. UTI incidence was significantly higher in patients with LUTD than in those without (7.7% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001). The relative risk of UTI in patients with LUTD was 31.1 (95% CI: 6.396–739.029), likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion: There is a significant association between LUTD and UTI in cervical cancer patients after radical hysterectomy. Early detection and monitoring of bladder function are essential in postoperative care. Keywords: Lower urinary tract dysfunction; radical hysterectomy; urinary tract infection. Komplikasi Urinaria Setelah Histerektomi Radikal pada Kanker Serviks: Studi Kohort Retrospektif Abstrak Tujuan: Histerektomi radikal dan limfadenektomi pelvik merupakan terapi standar untuk kanker serviks. Salah satu komplikasi jangka panjang yang umum adalah disfungsi saluran kemih bagian bawah (Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/LUTD), yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) akibat stasis urin. Inkontinensia urin juga dapa…
creator: Muhammad Edo Antariksa Pradoto
creator: Sutrisno Sutrisno
creator: Dian Tjahyadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 433
ending page: 440
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.932

Non-Severe Preeclampsia and Subclinical Inflammation: A Study of Cyclophilin A, NF-κB, PARP- 1, and Apoptosis in Human Placentas
type: item
description: Objective: To compare the expression of CyP-A, NF-κB, PARP-1, and apoptotic index in Non-Severe Preeclampsia (NS-PE) and Normal Pregnancy (NP) and explore their roles in inflammation during preeclampsia. Methods: Conducted in Depok, Indonesia, the cross-sectional study involved 28 participants divided into NS-PE and NP groups based on ISSHP criteria. NP was defined as uncomplicated pregnancies at 38–40 weeks gestation. Placental weight was measured, and ELISA was used to assess biomolecule levels. Data were analyzed using T-tests or Mann-Whitney tests. Result: Maternal gestational age, body mass index, and leukocyte levels were significantly higher in NS-PE. The apoptotic index, measured by TUNEL assay, was also significantly elevated in NS-PE (41.56 ±24.87) compared to NP (23.96 ±18.79; p = 0.044). While CyP-A, PARP-1, and NF-κB levels were higher in NS-PE eventhough they were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemistry confirmed an overall increase in these molecules, supporting their clinical relevance. Conclusion: Despite the lack of statistical significance, increased inflammation and apoptosis in NS-PE may contribute to placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Non-Severe Preeclampsia dan Inflamasi Subklinis: Studi CyP-A, NF-κB, PARP-1, dan Apoptosis pada Plasenta Manusia Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan ekspresi CyP-A, NF-κB, PARP-1, dan indeks apoptosis antara preeklamsia non-severe (NS-PE) dan kehamilan normal (NP), serta perannya dalam proses inflamasi pada preeklamsia. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Depok, Indonesia, dengan 28 partisipan yang dikelompokkan menjadi NS-PE dan NP berdasarkan kriteria ISSHP. Berat plasenta diukur dan kadar biomolekul dianalisis menggunakan ELISA. Uji T dan alternatif Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk analisis statistik. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia kehamilan, indeks massa tubuh…
creator: Novi Resistantie
creator: Noroyono Wibowo
creator: Damar Prasmusinto
creator: Sri Widia Azraki Jusman
creator: Muhammad Yamin
creator: Nurjati Chairani Siregar
creator: Joedo Prihartono
creator: Johannes Cornelius Mose
creator: Suhendro Suhendro
creator: Ferdiana Yunita
creator: Lis Rosmanah
creator: Nur Ita Margyaningsih
creator: Labibah Qotrunnada
creator: Cindy Fawwaz Roviqoh
creator: Saidah Rauf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 441
ending page: 451
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.947

A Comparative Analysis of Internal Radiation vs Box System in Treatment Efficacy and Patient Survival of Advanced Stage Cervical Cancer
type: item
description: Objectives: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of brachytherapy and the box system in therapeutic success and patient survival in cervical cancer, along with associated prognostic factors. Methods: This retrospective analytical study used medical records from the Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Clinic and Radiotherapy Unit at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital in Semarang. The study included cervical cancer patients with stage IIB-IIIB disease who were treated between January 2017 and December 2022. Data analysis involved both statistical methods and survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Results: During the 2017-2022 study period, a total of 939 patients with stage IIB-IIIB cervical cancer who completed full radiation therapy were evaluated for their 2-year survival rate. The cohort included 89 patients in the box system group and 850 in the brachytherapy/internal radiation group. Complete response was achieved in 46.1% of box system patients compared to 75.5% in the brachytherapy group (p<0.0001); partial response rates were 53.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a 2-year survival rate (2 YSR) of 41.6% for the box system and 64.0% for brachytherapy. The mean survival time was 15.37 months for the box system and 19.09 months for brachytherapy. Conclusion: Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) showed significantly better clinical outcomes compared to the box system approach. It resulted in a longer mean survival time (19.09 vs 15.37 months; p<0.001) and higher 2-year survival rates (64.0% vs 41.6%; log-rank p<0.001). Keywords: Cervical cancer, box system, brachytherapy, therapy response, survival Perbandingan antara Radiasi Interna vs Box System dalam Keberhasilan Terapi dan Kelangsungan Hidup Pasien Kanker Servik Stadium Lanjut Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan radiasi interna dan box system dalam keberhasilan terapi dan kelangsungan hidup pasien kanker serviks serta faktor-faktor yang mem…
creator: Mona Galatia Marpaung
creator: Teuku Mirza Iskandar
creator: Noor Pramono
creator: Suhartono Suhartono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 452
ending page: 461
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.942

Reevaluating Predictors of Extremely Low Birth Weight: The Dominance of Hemoglobin over Maternal Age and the Discovery of 9.25 g/dL as a New Risk Threshold
type: item
description: Abstract Objectives: Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) is a critical factor influencing neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal anemia has been linked to negative pregnancy outcomes; the precise hemoglobin threshold for predicting ELBW risk remains poorly defined, especially in low-resource environments. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at Ciawi District Hospital between 2019 and 2020. Data from medical records on maternal hemoglobin levels (g/dL) and neonatal birth weights (grams) were extracted for analysis. Statistical methods employed included the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, as well as ROC curve analysis. Results: The study comprised 320 cases. The optimal cutoff value for maternal hemoglobin to accurately predict ELBW was identified as 9.25 g/dL (AUC 0.615; p = 0.045). Mothers with hemoglobin levels below this threshold exhibited a 2.1-fold increase in the risk of delivering ELBW infants (p = 0.039). Additionally, the negative predictive value was determined to be 94.05%, indicating that this threshold may serve as a viable screening tool for assessing the risk of ELBW. Conclusion: Maternal hemoglobin levels below 9.25 g/dL are significantly correlated with an elevated risk of ELBW. This threshold may function as an effective early screening parameter for identifying high-risk pregnancies, thereby improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Keywords: Birth Weight, ELBW, Hemoglobin, Maternal Anemia, Risk Screening Evaluasi Ulang Prediktor Berat Badan Lahir Sangat Rendah: Dominasi Hemoglobin pada Usia Ibu dan Penemuan 9,25 g/dL sebagai Ambang Risiko Baru Abstrak Tujuan: Berat Badan Lahir Sangat Rendah (BBLR) merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal. Anemia ibu telah dikaitkan dengan hasil kehamilan yang negatif. Ambang hemoglobin yang tepat untuk memprediksi risiko BBLR masih belum didefinisikan dengan baik, terutama di lingkungan dengan sumber daya rendah. Metode: Metode yang di…
creator: Ajeng Normala
creator: Hadi Susiarno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 462
ending page: 470
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.937

Association between Serum Cotinine Levels, Fetal Biometry, and Umbilical Artery Flow in Pregnant Women Exposed to Secondhand Smoke
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of SHS exposure on fetal biometry and umbilical artery flow at 24 – 28 weeks of gestation. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 110 pregnant women, divided into a study group (55 passive) smokers and a control group (55 non-passive smokers). Serum cotinine levels were measured using ELISA. Fetal biometry (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) and umbilical artery flow (pulsatility and resistance indices) were assessed via ultrasound and Doppler ultrasonography. Group comparisons were conducted using Chi-square and independent t-tests. Results: The passive smoker group had significantly higher mean serum cotinine levels compared with the control group (10.97 ng/mL vs. 4.53 ng/mL; p = 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in any of the fetal biometric parameters or umbilical artery flow indices between the groups. Correlation analyses also showed no significant association between cotinine levels and the measured fetal outcomes. Conclusion: In this second-trimester study, SHS exposure, confirmed by elevated cotinine levels, was not associated with measurable adverse effects on fetal biometry or umbilical artery flow. These non-significant findings underscore the need for longitudinal research to evaluate the cumulative impact of SHS, particularly in the third trimester and on final birth outcomes. Hubungan antara Kadar Kotinin Serum, Biometri Janin, dan Aliran Arteri Umbilikalis pada Ibu Hamil yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Pasif Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dampak paparan asap rokok pasif terhadap biometri janin dan aliran arteri umbilikalis pada usia kehamilan 24 – 28 minggu. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 110 ibu hamil yang dibagi menjadi kelompok studi (55 perokok pasif) dan kelompok kontrol (55 bukan perokok pasif). Kadar kotinin serum diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Biometri j…
creator: Margaret Diana
creator: Deviana Soraya Riu
creator: Fatmawati Madya
creator: St. Maisuri T. Chalid
creator: Nasrudin AM
creator: Telly Tessy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 471
ending page: 477
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.956

Hypomethylation of the Promoter Region of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene and It’s Low Expression in Placenta as a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between hypomethylation of VEGF gene promoter region and low VEGF expression in the placenta as a potential risk factor for preeclampsia. Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted involving pregnant women with preeclampsia and normotensive controls. Placental tissue samples were collected and analysed for DNA methylation status of the VEGF gene promoter using quantitative real-time PCR. VEGF expression levels in placental tissue were measured using ELISA. Results: Significant hypomethylation of the VEGF promoter region was observed in placenta samples from preeclamptic women compared to controls. This finding correlated with decreased VEGF expression. These results indicate that reduced VEGF expression due to promoter hypomethylation may impair placental vascularization, contributing to preeclampsia. Conclusions: Hypomethylation of the VEGF promoter and subsequent reduction in placental VEGF expression may serve as early biomarkers to predict preeclampsia. These results highlight the importance of epigenetic regulation in preeclampsia pathogenesis and suggest potential targets for early diagnosis and intervention. Hipometilasi Regio Promoter Gen Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) dan Ekspresi Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) yang Rendah pada Plasenta sebagai Faktor Risiko Preeklampsia Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipometilasi pada daerah promoter gen VEGF dan rendahnya ekspresi VEGF di plasenta sebagai faktor risiko potensial terjadinya preeklampsia. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain kasus-kontrol ini melibatkan ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia dan kontrol normotensif. Sampel jaringan plasenta dikumpulkan dan dianalisis untuk menentukan status metilasi DNA pada daerah promoter gen VEGF menggunakan quantitative real-time PCR. Tingkat ekspresi VEGF dalam jaringan plasenta diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Didapatkan hip…
creator: Godefridus Paulo Bay
creator: A.A.N Jaya Kusuma
creator: I Made Darmayasa
creator: I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra
creator: Putu Doster Mahayasa
creator: Kadek Fajar Marta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 478
ending page: 488
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.923

Comparing Optimal Debulking Surgery Outcomes between Anemic and Non-Anemic Ovarian Cancer Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2022 – 2023
type: item
description: Objective: Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Optimal debulking surgery is one of the treatment options of ovarian cancer. Anemia was commonly observed in ovarian cancer patients, yet its association with the outcome of optimal debulking surgery remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between preoperative anemia and the outcome of optimal debulking surgery. Methods: A case-control analytical observational study was conducted on 87 ovarian cancer patients who had undergone optimal debulking surgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2022-2023. Data were collected from medical records and was analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The majority of ovarian cancer patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2022–2023 presented with mild to moderate anemia, accounting for 37,78% and 33,33% of cases, respectively. Only 24,44% had normal hemoglobin levels, while 4,44% had severe anemia. Optimal debulking was achieved in 76,7% of cases. No significant association was found between preoperative anemia and optimal debulking outcomes (p = 0,601; OR 1,21, 95% CI: 0,68–2,16). Conclusion: Preoperative anemia was not associated with optimal debulking surgery outcomes. Perbandingan Keberhasilan Optimal Debulking Surgery antara Pasien Kanker Ovarium dengan Anemia dan Non-Anemia di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2022 – 2023 Abstrak Tujuan: Kanker ovarium merupakan salah satu keganasan ginekologi dengan angka kematian tertinggi. Optimal debulking surgery merupakan salah satu terapi utama pada pasien kanker ovarium. Anemia sering ditemukan pada pasien kanker ovarium. Namun, hubungan anemia dan keberhasilan optimal debulking surgery belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan anemia preoperatif dan keberhasilan optimal debulking surgery pada pasien kanker ovarium. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi observasional analitik dengan desain case control yang melibatkan pasie…
creator: Wenardy Dewanto
creator: Ali Budi Harsono
creator: Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 489
ending page: 496
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.948

The Relationship Between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Primigravida at Cibabat Regional Hospital
type: item
description: Objective: This study investigates the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of preeclampsia in primigravida women. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes women who delivered at Cibabat General Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) was classified according to WHO categories: underweight (less than 18.5), normal (18.5–22.9), overweight (23.0–24.9), obese class I (25.0–29.9), and obese class II (≥30.0). The Spearman-Rho correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia. Result: Our study demonstrated that, among 217 participants, 159 (73.3%) experienced preeclampsia. The proportion of women with an overweight/obese BMI who have preeclampsia is higher (36%-38%) compared to those with normal BMI (19%) and underweight BMI (15%). The Spearman-Rho correlation coefficient suggested a positive correlation between pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia (r = 0.367; p < 0.001), indicating that an increased BMI is statistically associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Conclusion: A BMI is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in primigravida women. Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh Sebelum Kehamilan terhadap Kejadian Preeklamsia pada Ibu Primigravida di RSUD Cibabat Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara IMT pra-kehamilan dan insiden preeklamsia pada ibu primigravida. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang dan melibatkan ibu primigravida yang menjalani persalinan di RSUD Cibabat pada periode 2023 hingga 2024. IMT partisipan sebelum kehamilan dikategorikan berdasarkan standar WHO: berat badan kurang (< 18.5), normal (18.5-22.9), berat badan berlebih (23.0 – 24.9), obesitas tipe 1 (25.0 – 29.9), dan obesitas tipe 2 (≥30.0). Data kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan metode spearman-rho correlation coefficient untuk menetukan korelasi antara IMT…
creator: Hasri Larasati Utami
creator: Jeffry Iman Gurnadi
creator: Adhi Pribadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 497
ending page: 502
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.972

Survival Outcomes at Three Years After Primary vs Interval Debulking in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Study from Hasan Sadikin Hospital (2021)
type: item
description: Objective: Ovarian cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy among women in Indonesia. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 49%, with 68% of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage. Standard treatment involves debulking surgery, which is categorized into primary debulking surgery (PDS) and interval debulking surgery (IDS). This study aims to compare the survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients treated with PDS versus IDS at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) during 2021. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed for ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgery at RSHS in 2021. Patients were classified according to the type of surgical management (PDS or IDS), and survival data were analyzed accordingly. Result: A total of 46 patients were included, with 38 undergoing PDS and 8 undergoing IDS. The mean overall survival was 34.1 months for the PDS group and 27.5 months for the IDS group. Bivariate analysis showed no significant difference in survival between the two groups (HR: 1.810, p = 0.341; 95% CI: 0.53–6.13). However, age (HR: 0.950, p = 0.014; 95% CI: 0.91–0.99) and progression-free survival duration (HR: 0.788, p = 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.71–0.86) were identified as significant prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusion: The mean overall survival for patients undergoing primary debulking surgery (PDS) was higher than for those undergoing interval debulking surgery (IDS), although this difference was not statistically significant. Angka Kelangsungan Hidup Tiga Tahun Setelah Debulking Primer vs Interval pada Kanker Ovarium Stadium Lanjut: Sebuah Studi Retrospektif di RSUP Hasan Sadikin (2021) Abstrak Tujuan: Kanker ovarium merupakan keganasan ketiga terbanyak pada wanita di Indonesia. Angka kelangsungan hidup 5 tahun sekira 49%, dengan 68% pasien datang pada stadium lanjut. Tatalaksana standar melibatkan operasi debulking yang diklasifikasikan menjadi operasi debulking primer (PDS) dan operasi debulking interval (ID…
creator: Alce Everdien
creator: Andi Kurniadi
creator: Dini Pusianawati
creator: Aisyah Shofiatun Nisa
creator: Dadang Hawari Subhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 503
ending page: 511
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.1003

Correlation of Cesarean Section and Curettage History with Placenta Previa at Limboto Regional Hospital
type: item
description: Objective: To investigate the correlation of cesarean section and curettage history with placenta previa at Dr. M.M. Dunda Limboto Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to February 2025, involving 180 pregnant women with gestational age ≥28 weeks from records from 2022-2024. Data were collected through consecutive sampling from medical records. Chi-square analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Result: Among women with a history of cesarean section, 8.3% (12/145) had placenta previa compared to 54.3% (19/35) without such a history (p<0.001; PR=0.152, 95% CI: 0.082-0.284). Similarly, only 2.9% (1/35) with a history of curettage had placenta previa compared to 20.7% (30/145) without a curettage history (p=0.012; PR=0.138, 95% CI: 0.019-0.978). These findings suggest apparent protective effects that contradict established literature. Conclusion: Although statistically significant associations were observed between surgical histories and placenta previa in unexpected directions, these probably reflect study artifacts rather than actual protective effects. Multivariate analysis will be crucial in future research to account for confounding variables. Hubungan Riwayat Sectio Caesarea dan Kuretase dengan Plasenta Previa di RSUD Limboto Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat kuretase dan sectio caesarea dengan kejadian plasenta previa di RSUD Dr. M.M. Dunda Limboto. Metode: Penelitian analitik potong lintang dilakukan pada Januari – Februari 2025, melibatkan 180 ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan ≥28 minggu dari rekam medis 2022 – 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui consecutive sampling. Analisis Chi-square dilakukan menggunakan SPSS ver 24. : Pada kelompok dengan riwayat sectio caesarea, 8,3% (12/145) mengalami plasenta previa dibandingkan 54,3% (19/35) tanpa riwayat tersebut (p<0,001; PR=0,152, 95% CI: 0,082-0,284). Demikian pula, hanya 2,9% (1/35) dengan riwayat kuretase mengalami plasenta pre…
creator: Amanda Auliya Ayuwa
creator: Fadil Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 512
ending page: 517
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.953

Correlation of Histological Type, Stage, Age, and Prognosis in Uterine Cervical Cancer at Margono Soekardjo Hospital Purwokerto from January – December 2024
type: item
description: Objective: To evaluate the correlation of histological subtype, stage, age, and prognosis in cervical cancer patients treated at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cohort study conducted using medical records. Data on cervical cancer staging, age, and histopathological subtype were collected from all patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed, and associations were examined using chi-square tests. The data used in the study were obtained from the medical records of patients at the research site from January to December 2024. Result: Of 582 patients identified, 245 met the inclusion criteria. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 147 cases, and adenocarcinoma (AC) for 98. Most patients were aged >50 years old and diagnosed at stage II. SCC was most common at stage II, while AC was most frequently found at stage III. Statistical analysis revealed a significant but weak association between age, stage, prognosis, and histological subtype. Conclusion: There was a significant weak correlation of histological subtype and age, stage, and prognosis in cervical cancer. Korelasi Tipe Histologis, Stadium, Usia, dan Prognosis pada Kanker Uterin Serviks di Rumah Sakit Margono Soekardjo pada Januari – Desember 2024 Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara subtipe histologis, stadium, usia, dan prognosis kanker serviks uteri pada pasien yang diobati di RSUD Prof. Dr. Soekarjo Margono, Purwokerto, dalam rentang waktu Januari – Desember 2024 Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi retrospektif deskriptif kohort dengan data dari rekam medis. Data yang diambil adalah stadium kanker, usia, dan subtipe histopatologis dan didapatkan dari semua pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis statistik dilakukan serta asosiasi diuji dengan uji Chi-Square. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien di RSUD Margono Soekardjo, Purwokerto pada …
creator: Eka Maranatha Tambunan
creator: Wiryawan Permadi
creator: Aditiyono Aditiyono
creator: Grazielle Grazielle
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 518
ending page: 523
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.1007

Relationship between Antenatal Care in Severe Preeclampsia and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits and maternal and infant outcomes in cases of severe preeclampsia. Methods: The collected data were processed using computerized methods to convert them into analyzable information. Data analysis was conducted to describe the proportion of each variable descriptively. Furthermore, the results were elaborated through descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing. Result: Based on medical record data, 91.7% of patients had undergone antenatal care (ANC) visits; however, only about 80% received pre-eclampsia screening services according to the 10T standard. Conclusion: The study concluded that inadequate antenatal care (ANC) visits were significantly associated with an increased risk of eclampsia and acute renal failure. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant association between ANC compliance and the occurrence of complications such as placental abruption, HELLP syndrome, DIC, and maternal death. Hubungan Antenatal Care Pada Preeklampsia Berat terhadap Luaran Maternal dan Neonatal Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara frekuensi kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) dan luaran maternal dan infant pada kasus preeklamsia berat. Metode: Data yang telah terkumpul diolah secara komputerisasi untuk mengubah data menjadi informasi. Analisis data dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran proporsi masing-masing variabel yang disajikan secara deskriptif. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis tersebut diuraikan ke dalam analisis deskriptif dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil: Berdasarkan data rekam medis, ditemukan bahwa 91,7% pasien telah menjalani kunjungan antenatal care (ANC), namun hanya 80% yang mendapatkan pelayanan skrining preeklamsia sesuai standar 10T. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) yang tidak memadai memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko eklamsia dan gagal ginjal akut. Sementa…
creator: Teuku Muhammad Iskandarsyah
creator: Windi Nurdiawan
creator: Hadi Susiarno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 524
ending page: 532
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.963

Characteristics of Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) at Hasan Sadikin Hospital from 2019-2023
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) to improve understanding of its implications for infertility. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study using medical records of patients who underwent IVF at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) from 2019 to 2023. Analyzed variables included age, education level, occupation, duration of marriage, body mass index, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level, and ovarian stimulation protocol. Results: A total of 57.14% of the 55 patients were aged 35 – 40 years, 87.5% nulliparous, and 55.36% had a body mass index greater than 24.9 kg/m2. The percentage that held a bachelor’s degree was 64.29%, and 55.36% had AMH levels below 1.1 ng/ml. A total of 78.57% received a short stimulation protocol, and 21.43% received a long stimulation protocol. Conclusion: Most patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing IVF at RSHS (2019 – 2023) were aged 35 – 40, nulliparous, obese class I–II, AMH value <1.1 ng/ml, and were subjected to a short IVF protocol. Karakteristik Pasien dengan Diminished Ovarian Reserve yang Melakukan In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin pada Tahun 2019 – 2023 Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan karakteristik pasien dengan cadangan ovarium menurun yang menjalani fertilisasi in vitro untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang implikasi cadangan ovarium menurun pada infertilitas. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional potong lintang yang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang menjalani fertilisasi in vitro di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) periode 2019 – 2023. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi usia, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, lama menikah, indeks massa tubuh, kadar hormon anti-Müllerian, dan protokol stimulasi ovarium. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 55 pasien, 57,14% berusia 35 – 40 tahun, 87,5% belum pernah melahirk…
creator: Iqbal Anugrah Fitriyanto
creator: Anita Rachmawati
creator: Akhmad Yogi Pramatirta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 533
ending page: 539
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.1004

Comparison of Endometriosis Characteristics in Adolescents and Women of Advanced Reproductive Age
type: item
description: ABSTRACT Objective: To compare clinical and pathological characteristics of endometriosis between adolescents (10–19 years) and women of advanced reproductive age (35–45 years) to guide early diagnosis and tailored management. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 68 patients (31 adolescents; 37 advanced-age women) with laparoscopically and histopathologically confirmed endometriosis at Dr. Margono Soekarjo Regional General Hospital between January 2022 and December 2024. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Adolescents exhibited higher dysmenorrhea prevalence (80.6% vs. 43.2%; p=0.003), more early-stage disease (Stage I–II: 71% vs. 22%; p<0.001), and increased peritoneal lesions (29% vs. 8%; p=0.030). They also had lower BMI (21.4 vs. 24.3 kg/m²; p=0.007) and earlier menarche (12.9 vs. 13.8 years; p=0.016). Advanced-age women predominantly presented with late-stage disease (Stage III–IV: 78%) and showed significant associations with age (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.02–1.30), primiparity (OR 5.67; 95% CI 1.23–26.12), multiparity (OR 6.23; 95% CI 1.34–28.98), and Stage III–IV disease (OR 4.89; 95% CI 1.25–19.16). Conclusion: Endometriosis in adolescents manifests as severe dysmenorrhea, milder stages, and peritoneal involvement, whereas older women present with advanced disease linked to age and parity. Age-specific diagnostic vigilance and management are essential
creator: Ottowgeissler Yabes Melaneson Paiki
creator: Marta Isyana Dewi
creator: Ali Budi Harsono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 540
ending page: 549
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.991

Analysis of Outpatient and Postpartum Family Planning Services in Makassar Teaching Hospitals for Two Years
type: item
description: Objective: To evaluate the distribution and characteristics of the family planning (FP) service acceptors in the outpatient clinics and postpartum wards in the main teaching hospital and its affiliated hospitals in Makassar in a two-year period. Method: The retrospective descriptive study was conducted using FP service registers and patients’ medical records from January 2023 to January 2024. Data included sociodemographic characteristics (age, parity, education, occupation), type of procedure (postpartum vaginal delivery, caesarean section, curettage), and contraceptive method chosen (implant, intrauterine device [IUD], sterilization). All eligible acceptors during the study period were included. The Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as the frequencies and percentages. Result: The total of 5,684 FP acceptors is recorded. The most commonly used methods are IUD (2,882; 50.7%), implants (2,239; 39.4%), and sterilization (563; 9.9%). The majority of the acceptors are 20-35 years old (4,835; 85.1%) and have the parity two (1,978; 34.8%). The most contraceptive initiation occurs after the vaginal delivery (3,420; 60.2%). The high school graduates represent the largest education group (3,125; 54.9%), and housewives are the most frequent occupational group (3,974; 69.9%). Conclusion: The postpartum FP services remain the main entry point for the contraceptive use in the teaching and affiliated hospitals. The counseling strengthening, especially during the antenatal and postpartum care, may further improve the uptake of the appropriate contraception in line with the socio-demographic needs. Analisis Pelayanan Keluarga Berencana Rawat Jalan dan Pascasalin di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di Makassar Selama Dua Tahun” Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi distribusi dan karakteristik akseptor pelayanan keluarga berencana (KB) pada poliklinik rawat jalan dan ruang nifas di rumah sakit pendidikan utama dan rumah sakit jejaring di Makassar selama periode du…
creator: Fatmawati Madya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 550
ending page: 561
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.983

Insulin Treatment for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
type: item
description: Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common pathologies in pregnancy that can potentially cause other complications, both to the mother and the fetus. This condition is considered a global health problem, with Asia having the highest prevalence. Methods: This article is a literature review of publications from the past five years (2019–2024) obtained from the NCBI, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. The keywords used include “gestational diabetes,” “insulin therapy,” “types of insulin,” dan “management”. Results: Insulin remains the gold standard therapy for managing GDM when lifestyle interventions over 1–2 weeks fail to achieve glycemic targets. Various types of insulin, such as human insulin, rapid-acting analogs (lispro, aspart), intermediate-acting insulin (NPH), and basal analogs (detemir, glargine), are considered safe and effective for use during pregnancy Discussion: The main advantage of insulin is that it does not cross the placenta, thereby avoiding teratogenic risks. Some insulin analogs, such as lispro and detemir, have the advantage of reducing the risk of maternal hypoglycemia and providing more stable glycemic control. Conclusion: Insulin is the only therapy that does not cross the placenta, and most types do not affect pregnancy and fetuses or neonates. Keywords: diabetes gestational; insulin; treatment Pengobatan Insulin untuk Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional Abstrak Pendahuluan: Diabetes gestasional merupakan salah satu patologi yang paling umum terjadi pada kehamilan. Penyakit ini berpotensi menimbulkan komplikasi lain, baik pada ibu maupun janin. Kondisi ini dianggap sebagai masalah kesehatan global dan di Asia memiliki prevalensi tertinggi. Metode: Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan literatur dari publikasi dalam lima tahun terakhir (2019–2024) yang diperoleh dari basis data NCBI, PubMed, dan Science Direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi “gestational diabetes,” “insulin therapy,” “types of insulin,” dan “management”.…
creator: I Gde Sastra Winata
creator: Prayascita Mahendrata
creator: Made Yudha Ganesa Wikantyas Widia
creator: William Alexander Setiawan
creator: Jessica Nathalia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 562
ending page: 568
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.823

The Role of Neuron Growth Factor and Interleukin-10 in The Development of Pain in Adenomyosis: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Adenomyosis, a benign uterine condition characterized by endometrial tissue within the myometrium, leads to uterine enlargement, infertility, dysmenorrhea, and heavy menstrual bleeding. While its precise etiology remains elusive, delayed pregnancy may contribute to its increasing incidence among infertile women. This condition, predominantly affecting parous women, is also associated with higher rates of early miscarriage. Although immune dysregulation in endometriosis is well-documented, comparable research in adenomyosis is limited. Objective: This review aims to explore the roles of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and Neuronal Growth Factor (NGF), a neuroimmune factor, in adenomyosis. Discussion: Elevated IL-10 levels in ectopic endometrial tissue suggest a potential immunosuppressive mechanism that may exacerbate symptoms. NGF is also implicated in the pain and inflammation associated with adenomyosis. A deeper understanding of the interplay between IL-10 and NGF could offer critical insights into the inflammatory nature and pain mechanisms of this condition. Conclusion: This review proposes IL-10 as a potential inflammatory biomarker and NGF as a pain marker in adenomyosis, paving the way for future research into novel therapeutic targets. Elucidating these pathways could lead to treatments focused on mitigating inflammation and alleviating associated symptoms of adenomyosis. Keywords: adenomyosis; neuronal growth factor; interleukin-10; pelvic pain Peran Neuron Growth Factor (NGF) dan Interleukin-10 (IL-10) dalam pembentukan Nyeri pada Adenomyosis : Sebuah Review Naratif Abstrak Pendahuluan: Adenomyosis, suatu kondisi rahim jinak yang ditandai dengan adanya jaringan endometrium di dalam miometrium, menyebabkan pembesaran rahim, infertilitas, dismenore, dan perdarahan menstruasi yang berat. Meskipun etiologi pastinya masih belum jelas, kehamilan yang tertunda kemungkinan berkontribusi pada peningkatan insidennya di kalangan …
creator: Agus Heriyanto
creator: Dian Tjahyadi
creator: Anita Rachmawati
creator: Luky Adlino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 569
ending page: 578
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.931

Risk of Urinary Tracy Infection Among Pregnant Women with Anemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to provide an evidence-based answer to whether anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of UTI Methods: A literature search for the systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases for observational studies that reported the incidence of anemia during pregnancy and urinary tract infections (UTI). Quantitative analysis of pooled odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software and visualized by forest plot graph Result: Based on 9 articles included in the analysis, anemia revealed a statistically significant for UTI [Pooled OR 2.38, 95% CI: 1.24—4.56; p<0.00001] but not for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) [Pooled OR 2.08, 95% CI: 0.89—4.90; p=0.09]. We accumulated both outcomes for the total bacteriuria and demonstrated statistically significant [Pooled OR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.38—3.75; p<0.0001]. Discussion: Statistical significance was observed for the development of UTI 2.38 times in pregnant women with anemia compared to pregnant women without anemia. Conclusion: This research showed evidence that anemia during pregnancy was a significant risk factor for the development of UTI and bacteriuria, but not a significant risk factor for ASB. Risiko Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Ibu Hamil dengan Anemia: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-Analisis Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan jawaban berbasis bukti mengenai apakah anemia selama kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko untuk perkembangan ISK atau bukan Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan sistematis dan meta-analisis yang disusun berdasarkan PRISMA guideline. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus pada penelitian observasional yang melaporkan kejadian anemia selama kehamilan dan infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Analisis kuantitatif untuk gabungan odd ratio dengan interval kepercayaan 95% dilakukan menggunakan per…
creator: Muhammad Farhan Wibowo
creator: Rifaldy Nabiel Erisadana
creator: Leo Prawirodiharjo
creator: Willy Akbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 579
ending page: 589
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.853

Cadmium Exposure and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review of Environmental Risk in Pregnancy
type: item
description: Objective: To systematically evaluate current scientific evidence on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women, and to explore underlying mechanisms and population-specific patterns. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive literature searches were performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar without time restriction, focusing on the past 15 years. Inclusion criteria encompassed original human studies measuring cadmium exposure—biological, dietary, or environmental—and reporting preeclampsia as an outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Twenty-five eligible studies were included, spanning case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs across diverse geographic regions. Most studies found a positive association between cadmium exposure and increased preeclampsia risk, though methodological heterogeneity exists. Proposed mechanisms include cadmium-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, placental insufficiency, and hormonal dysregulation. Evidence also highlights differences in risk based on diet, region, and environmental regulation. However, inconsistencies in exposure metrics and population stratification remain. Conclusion: The cumulative evidence suggests cadmium is a plausible environmental risk factor for preeclampsia. Future research must standardize exposure assessments and address population-specific modifiers. This review provides critical groundwork for hypothesis-driven studies and policy frameworks addressing toxic metal exposure in maternal health. Paparan Kadmium dan Preeklampsia: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Risiko Lingkungan pada Kehamilan Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai hubungan antara paparan kadmium (Cd) dan risiko preeklampsia pada ibu hamil, serta mengeksplorasi mekanisme bi…
creator: I Nyoman Hariyasa Sanjaya
creator: Wiku Andonotopo
creator: Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas
creator: Julian Dewantiningrum
creator: Mochammad Besari Adi Pramono
creator: Ryan Saktika Mulyana
creator: Evert Solomon Pangkahila
creator: Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar
creator: Cut Meurah Yeni
creator: Dudy Aldiansyah
creator: Nuswil Bernolian
creator: Anak Agung Gede Putra Wiradnyana
creator: Adhi Pribadi
creator: Sri Sulistyowati
creator: Milan Stanojevic
creator: Asim Kurjak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 590
ending page: 605
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.951

Pregnancy With Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction - A Case Report
type: item
description: Abstract Introduction Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major obstetric complication often caused by maternal infections and anemia. We present a case of IUGR in a pregnant woman caused by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Case presentation A 37-year-old G5P2A2 woman with confirmed MDR-TB and AIHA was treated with levofloxacin, clofazimine, cycloserine, ethambutol, bedaquiline, and methylprednisolone. Fetal biometry showed estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile, with a significantly declining growth curve thereafter. After administration of fetal lung maturation at 33 – 34 weeks, she underwent an elective cesarean section at 35 – 36 weeks. A female infant weighing 1,840g was delivered. The treatment for MDR-TB and AIHA in the mother was continued afterward. Conclusion Pregnancies complicated by MDR-TB and AIHA require strict monitoring and individualized multidisciplinary treatment. Further research is needed to establish treatment strategies that improve maternal and fetal outcomes in similar cases. Keywords : Autoimmune hemolytic anemia; intrauterine growth restriction; multidrug resistance; pregnancy; tuberculosis. Kehamilan dengan Tuberkulosis Paru Resisten Obat Ganda dan Anemia Hemolitik Autoimun yang Diperberat oleh Pertumbuhan Janin Terhambat – Laporan Kasus Abstrak Pendahuluan IUGR adalah komplikasi obstetrik yang dapat disebabkan infeksi dan anemia pada maternal. Pada kasus ini dipresentasikan kasus wanita hamil dengan IUGR yang disebabkan multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) dan autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Ilustrasi kasus Ibu hamil 37 tahun G5P2A2 datang dengan TB-MDR dan AIHA. Pasien menjalani terapi TB-MDR dengan levofloksasin, klofazimin, sikloserin, etambutol, dan bedaquiline, serta metilprednisolon untuk AIHA. Pada fetal biometri ditemukan estimated fetal weight (EFW) di bawah 10 persentil dengan kurva pertumbuhan janin menurun signifikan setelahnya. Setelah dilakukan induksi pemat…
creator: Putri Indah Permata
creator: Renny Aditya
creator: Ruth Widhiati Raharjo Putri
creator: Mohamad Isa
creator: Sigit Prasetia Kurniawan
creator: Ira Nurrasyidah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 606
ending page: 610
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.878

The Critical Role of CT Imaging in Detecting Acute Neurological Complications of Eclampsia: A Case Series
type: item
description: Abstract Introduction: An intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare condition but potentially life-threatening event, especially in pregnancy, and could happen in patients with eclampsia. At Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS), several eclampsia cases are admitted annually, some with worsening neurological conditions. Neuroimaging using CT-Scan is indicated in patients with seizures, decreased consciousness, or visual disturbances to detect intracranial pathology. Case: We reported three cases of maternal eclampsia, two patients' chief complaint was seizures, but all of our patients were unconscious. All of our patients had a previous history of pre-eclampsia in the last pregnancy. All of our patients performed a CT scan performed in postpartum patients as a neurologic examination. All of our patients have worse outcomes. The Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Padjajaran University with Ref no: DP.04.03/D/XIV.6.5/71/2025. Conclusion: Neuroimaging in patients with seizure-induced worsening of the condition has an important role in identifying other abnormalities, specifically intracranial hemorrhage. In this study, we conclude that patients with seizures in pregnancy should be screened with neuroimaging (computed tomography scan) to rule out central nervous system pathology, thereby improving the patient's condition and reducing maternal mortality. Keywords: CT scan, Convulsion, Eclampsia, Pregnancy Peran Kritis Pencitraan CT dalam Mendeteksi Komplikasi Neurologis Akut pada Eklampsia: Seri Kasus Abstrak Pendahuluan: Perdarahan intrakranial (PIK) merupakan kondisi langka namun berpotensi mengancam jiwa, terutama pada kehamilan, dan dapat terjadi pada pasien eklampsia. Neuroimaging menggunakan CT-Scan berperan dalam deteksi dini perburukan kondisi pasien dengan penurunan kesadaran. Kasus: Penelitian ini melaporkan tiga kasus eklampsia maternal, keluhan utama dua pasien adalah kejang, namun semua pasien pada penelitian ini tidak sad…
creator: Ayu Angelina Ronosulistyo
creator: Zulvayanti Zulvayanti
creator: Dini Hidayat
creator: Windi Nurdiawan
creator: Hadi Susiarno
creator: Dini Pusianawati
creator: Vyanda Sri Weningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 611
ending page: 621
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.924

Diagnosis and Management of Complex Genital Warts: Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: This case reports a pregnancy complicated by condyloma acuminata with co-infection of HIV and tuberculosis (TB). Such a combination is rarely documented and presents significant clinical and therapeutic challenges. This case aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a simple surgical approach in managing extensive condyloma acuminata during high-risk pregnancy. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with condyloma acuminata along with confirmed HIV and TB co-infection. Electrocauterization was performed successfully, leading to complete lesion removal and significant improvement in wound healing, with no early recurrence observed. The pregnancy was planned to be delivered by cesarean section. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that, even with multiple comorbidities and a high-risk pregnancy, simple surgical treatments like electrocauterization can be both safe and effective. Early multidisciplinary intervention is crucial for achieving the best maternal outcomes. Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Kondiloma Genital dengan Komplikasi: Laporan Kasus Abstrak Pendahuluan: Laporan kasus ini membahas kehamilan yang disertai komplikasi berupa kondiloma akuminata dengan ko-infeksi HIV dan tuberkulosis (TB). Kombinasi tersebut jarang didokumentasikan dan menimbulkan tantangan klinis serta terapeutik yang signifikan. Kasus ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan efektivitas pendekatan bedah sederhana dalam menangani kondiloma akuminata ekstensif pada kehamilan risiko tinggi. Presentasi Kasus: Seorang wanita hamil berusia 24 tahun didiagnosis menderita kondiloma akuminata dengan ko-infeksi HIV dan TB terkonfirmasi. Tindakan elektrokauter berhasil dilakukan dengan hasil berupa pengangkatan lesi secara menyeluruh dan perbaikan yang nyata pada penyembuhan luka, tanpa adanya kekambuhan dini yang teramati. Kehamilan direncanakan untuk dilahirkan dengan operasi sesar. Kesimpulan: Kasus ini menegaskan bahwa dalam konteks komorbiditas multipel dan kehamilan risi…
creator: Ilham Utama Surya
creator: Eka Rusdianto Gunardi
creator: Trisha Alya Rahmi
creator: Dhifa Dwi Putra
creator: Syauqi Mirza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 622
ending page: 628
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.888

Case Report: Family’s Role in Mentoring Adolescent Pregnancy
type: item
description: Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy negatively affects maternal and infant health, leading to preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and intrapartum hemorrhage, all of which contribute to increased maternal and neonatal mortality. It is also associated with unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Deliveries by mothers under 20 years old are associated with higher neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality rates and a greater risk of stunting. Infant health outcomes are heavily influenced by maternal nutritional status. Case Report: A 15-year-old adolescent (Mrs. S) was brought by her aunt to Ahmad Ripin District Hospital, Muaro Jambi, on November 10, 2022, for antenatal assessment. Initial examination showed a body mass index (BMI) of 16 (underweight; <18.5), for which a total gestational weight gain target of 12.5–18 kg was recommended. Her MUAC was 21 cm and hemoglobin (Hb) 9 g/dL. The case underscores the crucial role of a strong family support system in achieving adequate weight gain in pregnant adolescents, given its significant association with maternal health during pregnancy and infant birth weight. Conclusion: this case highlights the importance of healthcare education and monitoring in adolescent pregnancy. It shows that when combined with the family’s role as a supporter, these factors can effectively protect maternal and infant health, resulting in positive outcomes. Laporan Kasus: Peranan Keluarga dalam Pendampingan Kehamilan Remaja Abstrak Pendahuluan: Kehamilan remaja berdampak negatif pada kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Beberapa dampak negatif tersebut adalah bayi prematur, berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), dan perdarahan persalinan yang berujung pada kenaikan kematian maternal–neonatal. Kehamilan pada remaja juga berkaitan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan dan aborsi tidak aman. Persalinan pada ibu <20 tahun berkontribusi pada tingginya kematian neonatal, bayi, dan balita, serta meningkatkan risiko stunting. Luaran bayi sangat dipengaruhi status gizi ib…
creator: Muhammad Ichsan
creator: Dini Hidayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
volume: 8
number: 3
starting page: 629
ending page: 636
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v8i3.856