Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
type: channel
description: OBGYNIA (Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science) is a journal in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and is officially issued by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. OBGYNIA published research articles about the new scientific, clinical management of the patient, surgical techniques, new treatments and service evaluation, management and treatment services in obstetrics and gynecology covers areas: Fertility and Reproductive Endocrine Maternalfetal Medicine Oncology Reconstruction Urogynecology Obstetrics and Social Gynecology This journal is expected to be a reliable source of information, quality and complete knowledge about medicine and health. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science (Obgynia) is accredited (2022-2026) by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia with Third Grade (Peringkat 3, Sinta 3), Nomor 79/E/KPT/2023.
publisher: Dep/SMF Obstetri & Ginekologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
language: en-US
publication name: Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
issn: 2615-496X
items: Disruption of Nutrient Transport, Especially Glucose, in Preeclampsia Triggers Stunted Fetal Growth
items: Unopposed Estrogen and Endometrial Carcinogenesis: Current Concepts
items: Outcomes of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Endometrial Carcinoma
items: Correlation between Maternal Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and APGAR Scores in Preeclampsia Patients at Margono Soekarjo Hospital from 2022–2024
items: Comparison of Quality of Life and Sexual Function between Pelvic Organ Prolapse Patients Using Pessary and Surgical Intervention
items: Association between Maternal Body Mass Index and Neonatal Apgar Scores: A Multicenter Study
items: Association Between Maternal Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and Fetal Outcomes in Preeclampsia with Severe Features
items: Factors Associated with Neonatal Asphyxia at Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu Hospital 2024
items: A Descriptive Study of Fertility-Related Quality of Life in Women Receiving Infertility Treatment
items: Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Adolescent and Adult Pregnancies in West Java in 2024: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
items: The Association Between Obesity and Endometriosis: A Case-Control Study at Margono Soekarjo Hospital
items: Gene and Germline Editing in Maternal and Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review of Ethical Dilemmas and Scientific Advances
items: Precision Chromosomal Surgery before Birth: Allele-Specific CRISPR-Cas9 Editing for Trisomy 21 in Perinatal Medicine
items: OSCS (One Step Conservative Surgery) vs MOSCUS (Modified One Step Conservative Uterine Surgery) for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) Surgery, Which One Is More Preferred? A Literature Review
items: Pelvic Floor Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Urethral Mobility in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Literature Review
items: The Surgical Approach for Adenomyosis in Nulligravid Women: A Case Report
items: Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy for Alobar Holoprosencephaly with Cyclopia at 18 Weeks: A Case Report
items: Management of Incompletely Staged Endometrial Carcinoma: A Case-Based Review
items: Septate Uterus: Implications in Malpresentation and Infertility History
items: Uncommon Metastatic Spread of Endometrial Carcinoma to the Posterior Thoracic Wall and Genital Tract in a Young Adult: A Case Report
items: Strategic Surgical Management of Complex Ovarian Masses During Second-Trimester Pregnancy: A Serial Case Report

Disruption of Nutrient Transport, Especially Glucose, in Preeclampsia Triggers Stunted Fetal Growth
type: item
description: Preeclampsia is a relatively common complication in obstetrics. The real problem currently faced is the adverse effects of preeclampsia on the mother and fetus, while the pathophysiology useful for prevention remains unclear. The clinical symptoms and complications that arise are highly variable and ultimately lead to multi-organ failure. This condition results in preeclampsia being one of the three causes of maternal death worldwide, including in Indonesia. The incidence of preeclampsia/eclampsia in various literature and studies ranges from 4to10% of pregnancies.
creator: Adhi Pribadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 4
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1095

Unopposed Estrogen and Endometrial Carcinogenesis: Current Concepts
type: item
description: Endometrial carcinoma represents the sixth most frequently diagnosed malignancy affecting the female genital tract globally.1 In 2020, approximately 417,000 new cases were identified worldwide, accompanied by an estimated 97,000 related deaths.2 Across Europe, the burden of disease remains substantial, with projections indicating 124,874 newly diagnosed cases and 30,272 deaths in 2022.3-5 The incidence of endometrial cancer continues to increase, largely driven by demographic aging and the rising prevalence of obesity. Over a woman’s lifetime, the risk of developing endometrial cancer is estimated at around 3%, with a median age at diagnosis of 61 years.6 Notably, the global incidence has risen by approximately 132% during the past three decades, underscoring the expanding impact of key risk factors, particularly obesity and population aging.
creator: Siti Salima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 5
ending page: 13
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1105

Outcomes of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Endometrial Carcinoma
type: item
description: Objective: Management of endometrial carcinoma may involve total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TH-BSO), performed either laparoscopically or via laparotomy. This evaluation is crucial for assessing recovery and determining appropriate follow-up care in patients with endometrial cancer based on the ECOG Performance Status. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined data from patients who underwent THBSO at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in 2024. The primary outcome measured was ECOG performance status at one month and six months post-surgery. The analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare ECOG scores between the laparoscopic and laparotomy groups. Result: Of the 47 patients (28 laparotomies and 19 laparoscopies), the Mann-Whitney U test results for the ECOG score one month postoperatively showed no significant difference between patients who underwent THBSO with laparoscopic and laparotomy techniques (p = 0.921). However, the results of the 6-month postoperative ECOG score test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.026), with better outcomes in the laparoscopic group. Conclusion: ECOG performance status after laparoscopy in endometrial cancer cases was better than after laparotomy. Abstrak Tujuan: Penatalaksanaan karsinoma endometrium dapat dilakukan dengan histerektomi total disertai salpingo-ooforektomi bilateral, yang dilakukan baik secara laparoskopi maupun melalui laparotomi. Penilaian ini penting untuk mengevaluasi proses pemulihan dan menentukan tata laksana tindak lanjut yang tepat pada pasien kanker endometrium berdasarkan ECOG Performance Status. Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif ini menganalisis data pasien yang menjalani HTSOB di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada tahun 2024. Luaran utama yang dinilai adalah ECOG performance status satu bulan dan enam bulan postoperatif. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U untuk membandingkan skor ECOG antara kelompok laparoskopi dan laparotomi…
creator: Viko Duvadilan Wibowo
creator: Febia Erfiandi
creator: Hartanto Bayuaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 14
ending page: 23
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1019

Correlation between Maternal Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and APGAR Scores in Preeclampsia Patients at Margono Soekarjo Hospital from 2022–2024
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between maternal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and neonatal APGAR scores in preeclamptic patients. Methods: This is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted at Margono Soekarjo Hospital from January 2022 to May 2024, involving 78 women with preeclampsia who underwent cesarean delivery. Participants were categorized into early-onset (<34 weeks) and late-onset (≥34 weeks) preeclampsia groups. LDH levels and APGAR scores were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation and ROC analysis. Results: This study showed that elevated LDH levels were significantly associated with lower one-minute APGAR scores, showing moderate correlations in both groups, and were related to five-minute APGAR scores. The LDH cut-off points predicting poor one-minute APGAR outcomes were 284 IU/L (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 66.7%) for early-onset and 491.5 IU/L (sensitivity 44.4%, specificity 96.2%) for late-onset preeclampsia. Conclusion: Elevated maternal LDH levels are associated with lower one-minute APGAR scores in preeclamptic patients, especially in early-onset cases, indicating they may serve as an early marker for fetal hypoxia and asphyxia risk. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara kadar laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) maternal dan skor APGAR neonatus pada pasien preeklampsia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan di RSUD Margono Soekarjo pada Januari 2022 hingga Mei 2024, melibatkan 78 wanita dengan preeklampsia yang menjalani persalinan melalui seksio sesarea. Peserta dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu preeklampsia onset dini (<34 minggu) dan onset lambat (≥34 minggu). Kadar LDH dan skor APGAR dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman dan analisis ROC. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar LDH berhubungan signifikan dengan skor APGAR satu menit yang lebih rendah, menunjukk…
creator: Bagas Satriyo Wicaksono
creator: Aditiyono Aditiyono
creator: Hadi Susiarno
creator: Dina Marlina
creator: Grazielle Grazielle
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 24
ending page: 32
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1036

Comparison of Quality of Life and Sexual Function between Pelvic Organ Prolapse Patients Using Pessary and Surgical Intervention
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to compare the improvement in QoL (measured by PFDI-20) and sexual function (measured by FSFI) in POP patients (stage II-IV) treated with either surgical intervention or pessary insertion. Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental pre–posttest design involving 60 patients with stage II–IV pelvic organ prolapse (POP), consisting of 30 patients in the surgical group and 30 patients in the pessary group, conducted at two tertiary referral hospitals in Bandung. Quality of life and sexual function were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and three months after the intervention. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests to evaluate within-group changes before and after the intervention and independent t-tests to compare post-intervention outcomes between the two groups. Results: The results demonstrated that both the surgical group and the pessary group showed significant improvements in quality of life and sexual function (p<0.001). In the surgical group, the FSFI score increased from 16.46 ± 6.88 to 27.68 ± 3.17, surpassing the threshold for normal sexual function, while the PFDI-20 score decreased from 114.34 ± 57.44 to 14.93 ± 7.37. The pessary group also showed significant improvement, with the FSFI score increasing from 18.69 ± 4.76 to 24.80 ± 3.83 and the PFDI-20 score decreasing from 130.24 ± 48.80 to 36.98 ± 21.37. Post-intervention comparative analysis showed statistically better outcomes in the surgical group for both the FSFI score (p=0.002) and the PFDI-20 score (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both surgical and pessary interventions are effective in improving the quality of life and sexual function in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Surgical intervention, however, offers superior and lasting outcomes. Pessary usage remains an important non-surgical option for patients seeking conservative management. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingk…
creator: Setyawan Nurtanio
creator: RM Sonny Sasotya
creator: M. Rizkar Aref Sukarsa
creator: Eppy Darmadi Achmad
creator: Andi Rinaldi
creator: Aria Prasetya Ma'soem
creator: Kania Praharsini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1035

Association between Maternal Body Mass Index and Neonatal Apgar Scores: A Multicenter Study
type: item
description: Objective: To determine the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and neonatal Apgar scores in two tertiary referral hospitals in Indonesia between 2023 and 2024. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of 200 women who delivered at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, and Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, from August 2023 to July 2024. Participants were classified based on maternal BMI. The associations between BMI, mode of delivery, and Apgar scores were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: Maternal BMI, mode of delivery, age, parity, gestational age, and comorbidities showed no significant association with Apgar scores (p > 0.05). Birth weight was the only significant predictor; infants with low birth weight were associated with Apgar scores <7 (OR 0.219; 95% CI: 0.118–0.407). Regarding mode of delivery, 69.2% of obese mothers underwent cesarean section compared to 52.3% of normoweight mothers. Obese mothers were significantly more likely to have a cesarean delivery, although this did not correlate with lower Apgar scores. Conclusion: Maternal obesity is associated with a higher chance of cesarean delivery but does not significantly affect neonatal Apgar scores. Infant birth weight remains the strongest predictor of Apgar scores in this group. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asosiasi antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan skor Apgar dengan obesitas pada kehamilan di Rumah Sakit Margono dan Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin selama tahun 2023 – 2024. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis 200 ibu bersalin periode Agustus 2023 – Juli 2024 di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan RS Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Subjek diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Hubungan antara IMT dengan metode persalinan dan skor Apgar dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regre…
creator: Ryan Haryana Darajatun
creator: Aditiyono Aditiyono
creator: Muhammad Alamsyah Aziz
creator: Nurul Robiah Aladawiyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 41
ending page: 49
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1059

Association Between Maternal Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels and Fetal Outcomes in Preeclampsia with Severe Features
type: item
description: Objective: To assess the association between maternal serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and fetal outcomes in patients with preeclampsia with severe features. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using secondary medical record data of pregnant women with preeclampsia with severe features treated at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Hospital, Indonesia, between December 2024 and December 2025. Consecutive sampling was used. Maternal serum LDH levels were categorized using a cutoff of 400 U/L. Associations between LDH levels and fetal outcomes were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 50 samples were included, with 10% exhibiting elevated LDH levels. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between elevated maternal LDH levels and lower 5-minute Apgar scores (p < 0.05; RR = 2.76). No significant associations were found between maternal LDH levels and gestational age at delivery, fetal complications, or birth weight (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Higher maternal LDH levels in preeclampsia with severe features are linked to lower 5-minute Apgar scores, indicating an association with acute perinatal stress rather than chronic fetal issues. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai asosiasi antara kadar serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) maternal dengan luaran janin pada pasien preeklampsia dengan gejala berat. Metode: Penelitian analitik cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis ibu hamil dengan preeklamsia dengan gejala berat yang dirawat di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo, Indonesia, pada periode Desember 2024 – Desember 2025. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling. Kadar LDH serum maternal dikategorikan menggunakan nilai ambang 400 U/L. Hubungan antara kadar LDH dan luaran janin dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 sampel yang dianalisis, 10% menunjukkan kadar LDH meningkat. Uji Fisher menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara p…
creator: Nurul Robiah Aladawiyah
creator: Arissa Reissa Utami
creator: Dalri Muhammad Suhartomo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 50
ending page: 56
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1065

Factors Associated with Neonatal Asphyxia at Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu Hospital 2024
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in newborns at Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu Regional General Hospital Methods: This analytical observational study employed a case-control design with a retrospective approach. The sample comprised 100 newborns, consisting of 50 asphyxia cases and 50 non-asphyxia controls. The case group was selected using simple random sampling via computer-generated randomization, while the control group was selected using systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between gestational age (p = 0.000), preeclampsia (p = 0.014), and birth weight (p = 0.000) with the incidence of neonatal asphyxia. The type of delivery was not significantly related (p>0.05). The most dominant variable was low birth weight with a value of Exp(B) = 4.653. Conclusion: Gestational age, preeclampsia, and birth weight are significantly associated with neonatal asphyxia, whereas the mode of delivery shows no correlation. Early detection and preventive measures are warranted, particularly for high-risk newborns such as those with low birth weight. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum pada bayi baru lahir di RSUD M. Yunus Bengkulu. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain case control menggunakan pendekatan retrospektif. Sampel berjumlah 100 responden yang terdiri dari 50 kasus asfiksia dan 50 non-asfiksia. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus menggunakan metode simple random sampling berbantuan komputer (spin method), sedangkan sampel kontrol menggunakan systematic random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik biner. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara usia kehamilan (p =0.000), preeklampsia (p = 0.014), dan berat badan lah…
creator: Adelia Utami Sebin
creator: Desi Widiyanti
creator: Epti Yorita
creator: Nur Elly
creator: Sri Yanniarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 57
ending page: 61
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1023

A Descriptive Study of Fertility-Related Quality of Life in Women Receiving Infertility Treatment
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to describe fertility-related quality of life among women with infertility who are undergoing fertility treatment at a single tertiary fertility center, based on sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. Methods: The study design was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach, using a consecutive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of infertile women undergoing pregnancy programs at Halim Fertility Center (HFC) RSIA Stella Maris Medan and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the FertiQoL (Fertility Quality of Life Tool) questionnaire and were presented as a frequency distribution. Results: Of the 60 respondents, most were in the 31–35 age group (38.3%) and were overweight (55%), followed by normal weight (41.7%). Most of them experienced primary infertility (83.3%), with infertility lasting 2–5 years (41.7%), and the most common cause was ovulation disorders (31.7%). Based on the type of pregnancy program, In Vitro Fertilization (76.7%) was the most common procedure. FertiQoL assessment revealed a wide range of fertility-related quality-of-life scores across treatment options. Conclusion: Most women undergoing infertility treatment reported a high fertility-related quality of life (60%), with higher average scores seen in those undergoing in vitro fertilization (58.7%). Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tingkat kualitas hidup terkait fertilitas pada wanita infertil yang menjalani program kehamilan berdasarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi, klinis, dan jenis terapi. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah wanita infertil yang menjalani program kehamilan di Halim Fertility Center (HFC) RSIA Stella Maris Medan serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner FertiQoL (Fertility Quality of Life Tool) dan disajikan dalam …
creator: Siti Jihan Afifah
creator: Hilma Putri Lubis
creator: Irma Sepala Sari Siregar
creator: Mutiara Indah Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 62
ending page: 70
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1053

Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Adolescent and Adult Pregnancies in West Java in 2024: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Objective: To identify differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between adolescent pregnancy (ages 16 – 19 years) and adult pregnancy (ages 20 – 35 years) in West Java in 2024. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 654 singleton pregnancies (adolescents: 16 – 19 years; adults: 20 – 35 years) at Dr. Hasan Sadikin and Cibabat General Hospitals from January to December 2024. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Compared to adults, adolescents showed higher rates of preterm delivery (54.5% vs. 49.8%), premature rupture of membranes (30.3% vs. 14.0%), and unintended pregnancies (12.12% vs. 0.64%). Placental abnormalities were observed in 48.9% of adults, compared with 0% of adolescents (p=0.004). No significant differences in neonatal outcomes were found in birth weight (p=0.674), length (p=0.738), APGAR score at 1 minute (p=0.051), and APGAR score at 5 minutes (p=0.137). Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancies have higher maternal complication risks but do not show significant differences in key neonatal outcomes compared to adults. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan luaran maternal dan neonatal antara kehamilan remaja (usia 16 – 19 tahun) dan kehamilan dewasa (usia 20 - 35 tahun) di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2024. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah retrospective cross-sectional yang menganalisis 654 kehamilan tunggal (remaja: 16 – 19 tahun; dewasa: 20 – 35 tahun) di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Hasan Sadikin dan RSUD Cibabat, Bandung, pada periode Januari–Desember 2024. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, dan Mann–Whitney. Hasil: Remaja memiliki insiden lebih tinggi untuk preterm delivery (54,5% vs. 49,8%), premature rupture of membranes (30,3% vs. 14,0%), dan unintended pregnancy (12,12% vs. 0,64%). Kelainan plasenta ditemukan pada 48,9% dewasa vs. 0% remaja (p=0,004). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada luaran neonatal: berat lahir (p=0,674), panj…
creator: Chiendo Irine Yulianti
creator: Lies Ani Tambunan
creator: Setyorini Irianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 71
ending page: 76
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1057

The Association Between Obesity and Endometriosis: A Case-Control Study at Margono Soekarjo Hospital
type: item
description: Objective: To investigate the association between obesity and the risk of endometriosis. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo General Hospital from January 2022 to May 2024. Cases were defined as patients with suspected endometriosis that was histopathologically confirmed, while controls were patients with suspected endometriosis who had negative histopathology results. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Asia-Pacific classification. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases and 50 controls. Obesity was more prevalent among women with endometriosis (54%) compared to the control group (26%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between obesity and endometriosis (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.44–7.75; p = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that obesity remained significantly associated with endometriosis after adjusting for age and parity (adjusted OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.36–7.24; p = 0.042). Conclusion: Obesity is strongly linked to a higher risk of endometriosis. These findings indicate that metabolic factors, especially obesity, could play a role in the development of the disease. Abstrak Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi asosiasi antara obesitas dan kejadian endometriosis. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus-kontrol retrospektif yang dilakukan di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo pada periode Januari 2022 hingga Mei 2024. Kelompok kasus didefinisikan sebagai pasien dengan dugaan endometriosis yang terkonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi, sedangkan kelompok kontrol merupakan pasien dengan dugaan endometriosis namun dengan hasil histopatologi negatif. Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dihitung menggunakan klasifikasi Asia-Pasifik. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square dan reg…
creator: Rivaldi Rizal
creator: Herman Sumawan
creator: Febia Erfiandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 77
ending page: 84
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1076

Gene and Germline Editing in Maternal and Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review of Ethical Dilemmas and Scientific Advances
type: item
description: Introduction: In Utero Genetic Editing (IUGE) is an emerging technology intended to modify the fetal genome to prevent or treat genetic disorders before birth. While it presents significant medical potential, it raises complex ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges. Current interventions remain largely animal-based, with human applications at theoretical or preclinical stages. Methods: This review examines ethical guidelines, legal frameworks, and regulatory perspectives globally and in Indonesia. Sources included WHO, the Indonesian Obstetrics and Gynecology Association (POGI), Indonesian health laws, and journals such as the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG). Literature was drawn from PubMed, WHO databases, Indonesian archives, and AJOG publications (2015–2025). Results: WHO emphasized precaution and transparency, while POGI stressed maternal–fetal safety under strict oversight. Indonesia lacks specific regulation, requiring interventions to respect safety and human dignity. The United States and European Union maintain restrictive regulations, including embryo research bans. Conclusion: IUGE is promising for reproductive health but remains ethically and legally unresolved, requiring clearer frameworks before clinical translation. Abstrak Pendahuluan: In Utero Genetic Editing (IUGE) merupakan teknologi baru untuk memodifikasi genom janin guna mencegah atau mengobati kelainan genetik sejak sebelum lahir. Teknologi ini menjanjikan manfaat medis, namun menimbulkan tantangan etik, hukum, dan regulasi. Hingga kini, sebagian besar intervensi masih berbasis penelitian hewan, sementara aplikasi pada manusia berada pada tahap teoritis atau pra-klinis. Metode: Kajian ini menelaah pedoman etik, kerangka hukum, dan regulasi dari perspektif global dan Indonesia. Sumber mencakup WHO, Perkumpulan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia (POGI), peraturan kesehatan nasional, serta jurnal internasional seperti American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG). Li…
creator: Donel Suhaimi
creator: Sofyan Andri
creator: Anastasya Hutapea
creator: Sandi Arihta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 85
ending page: 97
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.939

Precision Chromosomal Surgery before Birth: Allele-Specific CRISPR-Cas9 Editing for Trisomy 21 in Perinatal Medicine
type: item
description: Objective: Trisomy 21 remains the most common live-born aneuploidy and a major contributor to perinatal morbidity. Although prenatal screening, particularly non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), has advanced substantially, clinical management offers no corrective options. Emerging allele-specific genome-editing approaches propose targeted removal or silencing of the extra chromosome 21. This review summarizes current evidence and evaluates the translational relevance of these technologies in perinatal medicine. Methods: A narrative review was conducted following PRISMA-aligned procedures. A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2000–July 2025) identified 1,242 records. After duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full-text assessment based on predefined inclusion criteria, 54 studies met eligibility requirements. Data were synthesized across four domains: mechanistic strategies, developmental applicability, translational feasibility, and ethical–regulatory considerations. Results: Allele-specific CRISPR-Cas9 studies demonstrated selective cleavage of the supernumerary chromosome 21 in cellular models, with partial restoration of near-euploid transcriptional patterns. Additional approaches—XIST-mediated silencing and centromere destabilization—provided alternative mechanisms with varying stability and specificity. Evidence remains limited to in vitro systems, with no validated embryo or fetal applications. Key challenges include mosaicism, delivery barriers, individualized SNP targeting, and ethical governance. Conclusions: Allele-specific chromosome editing represents a promising but still experimental direction for future perinatal therapeutics. Current findings justify continued multidisciplinary investigation while emphasizing cautious interpretation and rigorous ethical oversight prior to any clinical translation. Abstrak Tujuan: Trisomi 21 tetap menjadi aneuploidi yang paling sering ditemukan pada kelahiran hidup dan merupak…
creator: I Nyoman Hariyasa Sanjaya
creator: Wiku Andonotopo
creator: Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas
creator: Wisnu Prabowo
creator: Eric Edwin Yuliantara
creator: Efendi Lukas
creator: Julian Dewantiningrum
creator: Mochammad Besari Adi Pramono
creator: Anak Agung Gede Putra Wiradnyana
creator: Ryan Saktika Mulyana
creator: Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma
creator: Evert Solomon Pangkahila
creator: Khanisyah Erza Gumilar
creator: Ernawati Darmawan
creator: Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar
creator: Cut Meurah Yeni
creator: Dudy Aldiansyah
creator: Nuswil Bernolian
creator: Adhi Pribadi
creator: Anita Deborah Anwar
creator: Aloysius Suryawan
creator: Ridwan Abdullah Putra
creator: Harry Kurniawan Gondo
creator: Laksmana Adi Krista Nugraha
creator: Waskita Ekamaheswara Kasumba Andanaputra
creator: Wibisana Andika Krista Dharma
creator: Dovy Djanas
creator: Milan Stanojevic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 98
ending page: 117
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.965

OSCS (One Step Conservative Surgery) vs MOSCUS (Modified One Step Conservative Uterine Surgery) for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) Surgery, Which One Is More Preferred? A Literature Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) is a severe obstetric complication causing hemorrhage, maternal morbidity, and mortality. Two widely adopted approaches to treatment are OSCS and MOSCUS. This literature review compares OSCS and MOSCUS to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing PAS treatment. Objective: This study aims to compare the preferred conservative uterine surgical approaches in the management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS). Methods: A literature review was undertaken following the scale assessment of narrative review articles (SANRA). We utilized various databases to evaluate current evidence for OSCS and MOSCUS in treating PAS. Relevant articles were reviewed to perform a comparative analysis between OSCS and MOSCUS in order to address the objective. Result: The key difference between OSCS and MOSCUS lies in bleeding control by optimal uterine reconstruction with transverse b-lynch suture and selective vascular ligation. While OSCS is ideal for simpler cases due to its efficiency and practicality, MOSCUS is better suited for complex PAS cases, offering reduced complications and improved outcomes. Conclusion: MOSCUS may be preferable to OSCS in terms of technique with optimal uterine reconstruction by adding several techniques to potentially preserve the uterus. More comparative research between the two required to evaluate the results prospectively. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) merupakan komplikasi obstetri berat yang menyebabkan perdarahan, morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu. Dua pendekatan yang banyak diadopsi adalah OSCS dan MOSCUS. Tinjauan literatur ini membandingkan OSCS dan MOSCUS untuk memberikan wawasan berbasis bukti untuk mengoptimalkan tatalaksana PAS Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pilihan tindakan bedah uterus konservatif yang lebih disukai dalam penatalaksanaan Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS). Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur yang mengi…
creator: Cantika Anakita
creator: Arya Marganda Simanjuntak
creator: Donel S.
creator: Noviardi Noviardi
creator: Renardy Reza Razali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 118
ending page: 127
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.898

Pelvic Floor Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Urethral Mobility in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common urinary incontinence in women, mainly associated with urethral hypermobility and reduced intrinsic sphincter function. Transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound (PFU) is a minimally invasive, low-cost imaging method that quantifies urethral mobility through bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation angle (URA), and retrovesical angle (RVA). Objectives: To summarize available evidence on PFU diagnostic performance and its potential clinical role in identifying urethral hypermobility in women with SUI. Methods: This literature review focuses on transperineal PFU as a noninvasive approach to assess urethral hypermobility, primarily using BND, URA, and RVA measurements. Results: Multiple studies report PFU provides reproducible measurements with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SUI. Although cutoff values for URA and RVA vary depending on study quality and methodology, these parameters consistently serve as key indicators of urethral hypermobility. Compared with standard invasive techniques, PFU improves patient comfort, offers real-time dynamic visualization, and allows greater clinical flexibility. Conclusion: PFU is a promising adjunct for diagnosing passive urethral hypermobility and may reduce reliance on invasive tests while maintaining accuracy. Larger studies are needed to standardize protocols and validate cutoff values across diverse populations. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) merupakan jenis inkontinensia urin yang paling sering pada perempuan, terutama berkaitan dengan hipermobilitas uretra dan penurunan fungsi sfingter intrinsik. Ultrasonografi dasar panggul (PFU) transperineal adalah metode pencitraan yang minim invasif dan berbiaya rendah untuk menilai mobilitas uretra secara kuantitatif melalui penurunan leher kandung kemih (BND), sudut rotasi uretra (URA), dan sudut retrovesikal (RVA). Tujuan: Merangkum bukti yang tersedia mengenai kinerja dia…
creator: Sania Utari
creator: Edy Fakhrizal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 128
ending page: 136
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.1006

The Surgical Approach for Adenomyosis in Nulligravid Women: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Adenomyosis is a benign uterine condition characterized by endometrial tissue invasion into the myometrium. This often leading to chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. A meta-analysis in 2025 reported prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 46.0%, with a mean of 20.7%. The Osada triple-flap technique was developed to remove adenomyotic tissue while preserving uterine function, serving as an alternative to total hysterectomy. However, intraoperative findings may require surgical adjustment. Case Report: A 32-year-old woman presented with severe abnormal uterine bleeding. Married for 11 years without children, she had a history of recurrent bleeding, multiple hospitalizations, blood transfusions, and myomectomy. Ultrasound showed an enlarged, globular, and heterogenous uterus with asymmetrical thickening. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with the intention of using the Osada technique, but, due to deep cul-de-sac adhesions and suspected malignancy, the surgery proceeded to total abdominal hysterectomy. Conclusions: Adenomyosis significantlyaffects fertility and uterus-preserving techniques like the Osada method may benefit selected patients. However, in cases with extensive adhesions, distorted anatomy, or suspected malignancy, hysterectomy remains the safest and most definitive treatment. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Adenomiosis adalah kelainan jinak pada uterus akibat invasi endometrium ke miometrium. Kondisi ini sering menimbulkan nyeri panggul, dismenore, dan infertilitas. Meta-analisis tahun 2025 melaporkan bahwa prevalensi 5,9% hingga 46,0% (rata-rata 20,7%). Teknik Osada triple-flap dikembangkan untuk mengangkat jaringan adenomyosis sambil mempertahankan fungsi uterus, sebagai alternatif histerektomi total. Namun, temuan intra-operatif dapat mengubah rencana tindakan. Laporan Kasus: Perempuan 32 tahun datang dengan perdarahan uterus abnormal berat. Menikah 11 tahun tanpa anak, riwayat perdarahan berulang, beberapa kali rawat inap, transfusi d…
creator: Marlina Jaya Diputri
creator: Prastika Candra Triastuti
creator: Edy Priyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 137
ending page: 144
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.913

Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy for Alobar Holoprosencephaly with Cyclopia at 18 Weeks: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Holoprosencephaly is a rare brain malformation caused by the failure of the prosencephalon to divide into separate cerebral hemispheres. Alobar holoprosencephaly, the most severe form, presents with a monoventricle, lack of interhemispheric fissures, and craniofacial abnormalities such as hypotelorism and cyclopia. Early diagnosis and counseling are crucial for informed decision-making. This case highlights the ethical and diagnostic challenges involved in managing lethal fetal malformation. Case Report: A 32-year-old pregnant woman at 18 weeks’ gestation was referred to the fetomaternal clinic with a diagnosis of alobar holoprosencephaly, confirmed by ultrasound. The imaging revealed significant fetal malformations. After counseling, the patient chose to proceed with pregnancy termination. The patient underwent induction of labor without immediate complications. Psychological support and post-procedure counseling regarding the possibility of future pregnancies were provided in this case. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication. Conclusion: This case report describes a 32-year-old female, 18 weeks pregnant, diagnosed with alobar holoprosencephaly via ultrasound, who chose to terminate her pregnancy after being counseled on the prognosis. Alobar holoprosencephaly has poor outcomes. Early ultrasound diagnosis and counseling provided the family with the information needed to make an informed decision about pregnancy termination. Multidisciplinary support, including psychological and counseling, is essential for patients and their families when facing complex clinical decisions. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Holoprosensefali adalah malformasi otak yang langka, disebabkan oleh kegagalan prosensefalon untuk membelah menjadi dua hemisfer otak yang terpisah. Alobar holoprosensefali merupakan bentuk paling berat, ditandai dengan adanya satu ventrikel, tidak adanya fisura interhemisferik, serta kelainan kraniofasial seperti hipotelorisme da…
creator: Aryani Aziz
creator: Uqbah Abdul Salam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 145
ending page: 153
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.973

Management of Incompletely Staged Endometrial Carcinoma: A Case-Based Review
type: item
description: Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, driven by risk factors such as obesity and unopposed estrogen exposure. Early-stage detection is common due to early symptom onset. Surgical management remains the cornerstone of therapy and serves a dual role in staging the disease. This report presents the initial management of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, evaluation strategies, and treatment planning in a case of advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma with incomplete surgical staging. Case Illustration: A 50-year-old woman presented with persistent vaginal discharge one week following a supracervical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was referred to Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung performed for presumed benign disease. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of endometrial origin. Although chest imaging was negative for distant metastases, further evaluation suggested local extension consistent with FIGO Stage IIIB. Given the incomplete surgical staging and advanced local disease, the patient was referred for multimodal adjuvant therapy consisting of External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy. Conclusion: Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and appropriate surgical staging per FIGO guidelines represents the standard treatment for endometrial carcinoma. This case highlights that tailored adjuvant radiotherapy (EBRT and brachytherapy) is critical for effective disease management in incompletely staged high-grade or advanced-stage patients. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Karsinoma endometrium merupakan kanker ginekologi yang paling sering terjadi di negara-negara maju, dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat secara global. Faktor risiko utama meliputi obesitas, gangguan metabolik, serta paparan estrogen tanpa antagonis progesteron. Deteksi dini sering terjadi karena gejala muncul pada tahap awal penyak…
creator: Muhammad Fakhmi
creator: Andi Kurniadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 154
ending page: 165
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.959

Septate Uterus: Implications in Malpresentation and Infertility History
type: item
description: Introduction: A septate uterus is a congenital uterine anomaly linked to increased risks of infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and fetal malpresentation. Although often asymptomatic, it may significantly affect pregnancy outcomes. Early diagnosis and management are vital to reduce complications. Case Report: This case was conducted at Siak Hospital involving a 38-year-old G4P0A3 woman presenting with preterm labor. A partial uterine septum was identified during an emergency cesarean section. The patient had a history of multiple miscarriages. Ultrasound revealed a transverse fetal position with oligohydramnios, prompting cesarean delivery of a 1700-gram neonate. Both maternal recovery and neonatal progress were favorable. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of individualized care in pregnancies complicated by uterine anomalies. While pre-conception surgical correction may improve outcomes, antenatal diagnosis requires close monitoring. Decisions regarding preterm termination depend on fetal presentation, amniotic fluid, and placental function. Imaging modalities support delivery planning. Although routine screening is not universal, it should be considered in women with recurrent loss or infertility. Multidisciplinary management is essential to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes. Continued research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for managing pregnancies with septate uterus. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Septum uteri adalah kelainan bawaan pada uterus yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko infertilitas, keguguran berulang, dan malpresentasi janin. Meskipun sering tanpa gejala, kondisi ini dapat berdampak signifikan terhadap luaran kehamilan. Deteksi dan penanganan dini penting untuk mencegah komplikasi. Laporan Kasus: Laporan kasus ini dilakukan di RSUD Siak, pada seorang wanita G4P0A3 usia 38 tahun yang datang dengan persalinan prematur. Saat operasi sesar emergensi ditemukan adanya septum uterus parsial. Riwayat kehamilan menunjukkan ke…
creator: Sri Wahyu Maryuni
creator: Cantika Anakita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 166
ending page: 173
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.897

Uncommon Metastatic Spread of Endometrial Carcinoma to the Posterior Thoracic Wall and Genital Tract in a Young Adult: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is a common gynecologic malignancy that predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Approximately 15% of cases occur in premenopausal patients, and more than 1% are diagnosed in women younger than 40 years. Distant metastases are uncommon and typically involve lymph nodes, lungs, or liver, whereas cutaneous and genital metastases are exceptionally rare. The micropapillary growth pattern, initially described in breast carcinoma, has also been identified in various organs and is associated with aggressive biological behavior, including frequent lymphovascular invasion and widespread dissemination. Case Report: A case of a 24-year-old woman with a prior history of micropapillary carcinoma excised from the posterior thoracic wall is reported. The patient presented with palpable vulvar and cervical masses. Pelvic MRI and PET-CT revealed stage IV C endometrial carcinoma with extensive dissemination involving the cervix, vulva, vagina, peritoneum, thoracic wall, and pleural cavity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed endometrioid carcinoma with micropapillary features. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the rare presentation of micropapillary endometrial carcinoma in a young patient highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation when unusual metastatic sites are encountered, to guide treatment and multidisciplinary management. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Karsinoma endometrium merupakan keganasan ginekologi yang umum dan terutama mengenai wanita pascamenopause. Sekitar 15% kasus terjadi pada pasien pramenopause dan lebih dari 1% pada wanita berusia di bawah 40 tahun. Metastasis jauh jarang terjadi dan biasanya melibatkan kelenjar getah bening, paru, atau hati, sedangkan metastasis ke kulit dan traktus genital sangat jarang dilaporkan. Pola pertumbuhan mikropapiler, yang awalnya dideskripsikan pada karsinoma payudara, juga ditemukan pada berbagai organ dan dikaitkan dengan perilaku biologis agresif…
creator: Phindo Mawardinata
creator: Dodi Suardi
creator: Ali Budi Harsono
creator: Christian Homenta
creator: Ferry Iskandar Kharisma Sinaga
creator: Sulaeman Andrianto Susilo
creator: Bethy S. Hernowo
creator: Reza Rinaldy Harahap
creator: Munawar Adhar Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 174
ending page: 181
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.984

Strategic Surgical Management of Complex Ovarian Masses During Second-Trimester Pregnancy: A Serial Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Ovarian masses are found in about 1.5% – 5.7% of pregnancies, with suspicion of malignancy in 1% – 6% of cases. Large or complex adnexal masses can increase the risk of torsion, rupture, or malignant transformation. This report aims to highlight the importance of personalized surgical management of ovarian masses during pregnancy, particularly emphasizing the benefits of second-trimester intervention, and to explore the research question: Can elective adnexal surgery during the second trimester improve maternal and fetal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies? Case Report: Two pregnant patients with adnexal masses were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Decision-making was based on gestational age, mass characteristics, and maternal-fetal considerations. Both underwent surgical management in the second trimester, with histopathological confirmation obtained. Case 1: A 37-year-old G5P3A1 at 16 weeks’ gestation presented with a multilocular cystic mass (25×12×8 cm) in the right ovary. Salpingo-oophorectomy at 19 weeks revealed a benign non-papillary cyst. Case 2: A 24-year-old G3P2A0 at 23 weeks’ gestation had a complex adnexal mass (20×20×15 cm). Partial oophorectomy revealed sebaceous material, hair, and cartilage. Histopathology confirmed a mature cystic teratoma. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully, culminating in spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the importance of prompt surgical intervention during the second trimester of pregnancy. It offers unique insights into the strategic management of complex ovarian masses, contributing valuable information to the limited literature and guiding clinical decision-making in similar cases. Abstrak Pendahuluan: Massa ovarium ditemukan pada sekira 1,5% – 5,7% kehamilan, dengan kecurigaan keganasan pada 1% – 6% kasus. Massa adneksa yang besar atau kompleks dapat menimbulkan risiko torsi, ruptur, atau transformasi ganas. Laporan ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti peran pena…
creator: Christian Homenta
creator: Febia Erfiandi
creator: Kemala Isnainiasih Mantilidewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 9
number: 1
starting page: 182
ending page: 190
doi: 10.24198/obgynia.v9i1.993