Congenital Lymphangioma of the Fetal Limb: A Rare Case
Abstract
Introduction: Lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation caused by the failure of primitive lymphatic channels to connect with the venous system. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 6,000 pregnancies, with only 2% affecting the limbs. Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging, requiring advanced imaging techniques for accurate differentiation from other congenital masses.
Case Presentation: A 39-year-old woman, G6P4A1L4, was referred to Arifin Achmad Hospital at 25+6 weeks due to fetal lower limb enlargement and ascites. Ultrasound revealed a large multicystic mass on the fetal left thigh and buttock, measuring 10.2 × 7.8 × 6.4 cm. Initially suspected as sacrococcygeal teratoma, further evaluation suggested lymphangioma. The Doppler study indicated reduced vascularity. After thorough counseling and an ethics committee review involving obstetricians, neonatologists, and pediatric surgeons, the parents opted for termination. Labor was induced with misoprostol 50 mcg orally every 4 hours (two doses), leading to the delivery of a 1,400-gram male infant with an APGAR score of 3 and 0. The baby died 15 minutes post-birth. Maternal condition remained stable with normal vital signs and laboratory results post-delivery.
Discussion: Prenatal diagnosis of lymphangioma is difficult due to its resemblance to other congenital masses. Regular extremity screening is crucial for early detection. Postnatal histopathology confirmed lymphangioma, showing dilated lymphatic channels without solid components. This case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management and serial imaging for prognosis refining prognosis. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis is crucial for management planning. Serial ultrasound and MRI can refine prognosis. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal care.
Limfangioma Kongenital pada Ekstremitas Bawah Janin: Kasus Langka Abstrak Pendahuluan: Limfangioma adalah malformasi kongenital langka yang disebabkan oleh kegagalan saluran limfatik primitif untuk terhubung dengan sistem vena. Insidensinya 1 dalam 6.000 kehamilan, dengan hanya 2% yang mengenai ekstremitas. Diagnosis prenatal tetap menjadi tantangan, memerlukan teknik pencitraan canggih untuk membedakannya secara akurat dari massa kongenital lainnya.
Presentasi Kasus: Seorang wanita berusia 39 tahun dengan G6P4A1H4 dirujuk ke Rumah Sakit Arifin Achmad pada usia kehamilan 25+6 minggu karena pembesaran ekstremitas bawah janin dan asites. Ultrasonografi menunjukkan massa multikistik besar pada paha kiri dan bokong janin, berukuran 10,2 × 7,8 × 6,4 cm. Awalnya dicurigai sebagai teratoma sakrokoksigeal, namun evaluasi lebih lanjut mengarah pada dugaan limfangioma. Studi Doppler menunjukkan vaskularisasi yang berkurang. Setelah konseling menyeluruh dan tinjauan oleh komite etik yang melibatkan dokter obstetri, neonatologi, dan bedah anak, orang tua memilih terminasi kehamilan. Persalinan diinduksi dengan misoprostol 50 mcg per oral setiap 4 jam (dua dosis). Induksi ini menghasilkan kelahiran bayi laki-laki seberat 1.400 gram dengan skor APGAR 3 dan 0. Bayi meninggal 15 menit setelah lahir. Kondisi ibu tetap stabil dengan tanda vital dan hasil laboratorium normal pascapersalinan.
Diskusi: Diagnosis prenatal limfangioma sulit karena kemiripannya dengan massa kongenital lainnya. Skrining ekstremitas secara rutin sangat penting untuk deteksi dini. Histopatologi pascanatal mengonfirmasi limfangioma dengan menunjukkan saluran limfatik yang melebar tanpa komponen solid. Kasus ini menekankan pentingnya manajemen multidisiplin dan pencitraan serial untuk memperjelas prognosis.
Kesimpulan: Diagnosis prenatal sangat penting dalam perencanaan manajemen. Ultrasonografi serial dan MRI dapat membantu memperjelas prognosis. Pendekatan multidisiplin sangat diperlukan untuk perawatan optimal. Kata kunci: Diagnosis prenatal, Limfangioma, Malformasi limfatik, Manajemen perinatal, Massa ekstremitas janin.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/obgynia.v8i2.851
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